Introduction to Writing in Philosophy
Pros and Cons: Arguments and Counterarguments
"Pros" and "Cons" are arguments for and against your claim, respectively. Sometimes "Pro" arguments are called simply "arguments for your claim," and "Con" arguments are called "counterarguments." Ultimately, your paper should provide more arguments for your claim than against it, since you are trying to show that the arguments for your claim are stronger and more decisive than those against it. It is always essential to include counterarguments as well, to show that your thesis statement and the arguments for it accurate. Bring up at least the main objections; try to anticipate objections to your view-and respond to them. If you object to a philosopher's view, don't assume he or she will admit defeat (ask yourself what would he argue, and how can you counter that?).
Remember, objections are not flaws or signs of error. By incorporating counterarguments and responding to them in your paper, you show the reader that you have done your research, that you understand the material, and that you are able to present a thorough argument that overcomes potential objections. Your reader will also acknowledge your paper as taking on a well-rounded and fair position, since you anticipate and counter possible objections.