5.2.1 Developing interventions related to competition that are contributing to the puzzling situation.

If competition seems to be contributing to your puzzling situation, the research literature (e.g., D'Amato, 1993; Goldman & McDermott, 1987; Smith, Gilmore, Goldman & McDermott, 1993) suggests trying to substitute practices where there are not individual winners and losers for practices where there are individual winners and losers.

Focusing on individuals' progress or growth over time is one approach to setting up non-competitive structures in school. Cooperative learning is another. Cooperative learning, a diverse group of instructional methods in which small groups of students work together and aid each other in completing academic tasks, is a widely researched and widely used alternative to ability grouping (D. W. Johnson, Maruyama, R. T. Johnson, Nelson & Skon 1981; Sharan, 1980; Slavin, 1990, 1996). Cooperative learning approaches include Cohen's (1994) Complex Instruction, Johnson and Johnson's (Johnson, Johnson, & Holubec, 1992, 1993, 1994) Learning Together, Kagan's (1992) Structural Approach, and Slavin's (1994) Student Team Learning.

If you haven't read the CIP pages for Step 5 or Step 5.2, please do so because they provide information about developing inverventions for your CIP study.

Success Stories & CIP studies Related to School Culture

Reconsider  question: 3.2.1 
Gather more information on this question: 4.2.1 
Step 6-Monitor Intervention(s) 
Guide for Reading Step 4 and Step 5 Pages