PRLS 460, Sport and Recreation Law

Fall 2008

Tuesday & Thursday: 12:00 pm - 1:15 pm

Room 130 Bull Run Hall, Prince William


James C. Kozlowski, J.D., Ph.D.

E Mail: jkozlows@gmu.edu ** Webpage: http://mason.gmu.edu/~jkozlows/

Tel: 703 993 2027 (off campus cell 703 455 8474)

Office: Room 220A Occoquan Bldg, Prince William

Office Hours: by appointment or before/after class

Exam Dates: September 25, October 28, November 25, December 16

All scheduled exams are taken on CE6 (Blackboard Campus Edition 6)

GMU Computer Classroom: Bull Run Hall Room 250

CLICK for Webstream of  PRLS 460 Video Lectures on GMU-TV website

Course Schedule & Readings (subject to change)

August 26: Introduction & Overview of General Legal Principles in Recreational Injury Liability

PRLS 460 Syllabus (Course Description & Requirements)


PRLS 460 Student Comments: "The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly"


FINDING Court Opinions

(1) George Mason University (2) GMU Libraries & Research (3) University Libraries Databases (4) Alphabetical list of databases: L (5) LexisNexis Academic (6) Legal Research (7) Federal or State Case Law

TRY TO FIND: Crown v. Kiedas, Case No. (Law) 104901, CIRCUIT COURT OF FAIRFAX COUNTY, VIRGINIA, 27 Va. Cir. 371; 1992 Va. Cir. LEXIS 216, April 22, 1992



Recreational Injury Liability Outline

Juror Handbook : explains some of the language and procedures used in court

WWWebster Dictionary believe it or not definitions for a lot of "legalese"

Search: The Code of Virginia .. statutory law

PRLS 460 Course Competencies for Athletic Training

Legal Dictionary (law.com)

USING A LEGAL DICTIONARY DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS: Control, custody, Plaintiff, Defendant , Liability, Negligence , Summary Judgment, duty , legal duty, duty of care, reasonable care, premises, deposition, testimony, suit, civil law, criminal law , liable vs guilty . TORT

WWWebster Dictionary believe it or not definitions for a lot of "legalese"



August 28 & September 2: Control Test & Negligence Principles Outline & Case Notes

Control Test Objectives & Review Questions


Control Test Defines Independent Contractor or Employee Sports Official

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Apr 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 4; p. 22 (5 pages)


CALIFORNIA SCHOOL & CITY NOT LIABLE FOR FATAL ROADTRIP , MYRICKS v. LYNWOOD UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT No. B117397 (Cal.App. Dist.2 1999)

INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR OR EMPLOYEE FOR FEDERAL EMPLOYMENT TAX PURPOSES?

20 FACTORS CONTROL TEST: EMPLOYEE VS INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR FOR FEDERAL EMPLOYMENT TAX PURPOSES

Negligence Principles Objectives & Review Questions

NELSON BY TATUM v. COMMONWEALTH EDISON, LIABILITY FOR POWER LINES OVER PLAYGROUND

COLEMAN v. WINDY CITY BALLOON PORT, LTD. , POWERLINES KNOWN DANGER IN HOT AIR BALLOON MISHAP


Lead Paint Playground Hazard Evidence
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Aug.. 2007. Vol. 42, Iss.8.



September 4: Standard of Care in Negligence Liability Outline & Case Notes

Legal Dictionary (law.com ) : standard of care, reasonable care, legal duty, torts, Restatement of the Law, question of law, question of fact.


Search: The Code of Virginia .. statutory law  to find out what the legal "standard of care" is for reasonably safe tires in the Commonwealth of Virginia (search term "tire tread")


AAA: "When any of the readings decrease to 3/16 of an inch, it is time to shop for a new tire."


Standard of Care in Negligence Liability Objectives & Review Questions

CHOSEN LIGHTNING PROTECTION ON GOLF COURSE MUST BE PROPERLY UTILIZED, NRPA Law Review, July 1997, Parks & Recreation, NRPA

NO DUTY TO WARN OF OBVIOUS RISK OF GOLFING IN LIGHTNING STORM: Hames v. State, December 1982 NRPA Law Review

Duty To Follow Established Procedures To Warn Beachgoers Of Lightning Storms Parks & Recreation. Sep 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 9

BIER v. CITY OF NEW PHILADELPHIA , LIGHTNING STRIKES METAL PICNIC SHELTER IN CITY PARK

SALLIS v. CITY OF BOSSIER CITY, BASE ANCHORS IN BASE PATH LACKED PROTECTIVE CAPS

Entrapment Danger In Playground Reported But Not Corrected ,. Parks & Recreation. Mar 2004. Vol. 39, Iss. 3


Age Appropriate Playground Safety Guidelines
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Mar.. 2007. Vol. 42, Iss.3.


  Consumer Product Safety Commission Playground Safety Publications


September 9 & 11: Landowner Liability in Parks & Recreation Part I Outline & Case Notes

Landowner Liability Part A: Objectives & Review Questions


Park Pot Hole Bike Fatality
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Sep 2006. Vol. 41, Iss.9.


Jogger Injured By Errant Shot From Park Golf Course Parks & Recreation. May 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 5

Landowner Liability Part B: Objectives & Review Questions

Landowner Liability for Tree HazardsObjectives & Review Questions

Landowner Liability for Gym Doors & WindowsObjectives & Review Questions

 

 

September 16 & 18: Landowner Liability Part 2 Outline & Case Notes

In Search of the Adequate Warning Sign Objectives & Review Questions

Landowner Duty Owed to Trespassers: Objectives & Review Questions


Park Visitor Trespasser After Dark
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. May.. 2007. Vol. 42, Iss.5.

Landowner Liability for Criminal Attacks: Objectives & Review Questions


SHOOTING AFTER CHEERLEADING EVENT: BAILEY v. D.C. (1995)
.

SWEET 16 PARTY AT REC. CENTER ENDS IN FATAL PARKING LOT SHOOT OUT: Henry v. Parish of Jefferson, NO. 2002-CA-748 (La.App . 5 Cir, 12/30/02)

SHOOTING AT PRIVATE DANCE ON PARK DISTRICT PREMISES: WILBERT v. METROPOLITAN PARK DISTRICT OF TACOMA (1998)  

Parking Lot Security Questioned In Rock Festival Mishap Parks & Recreation. Jul 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 7

September 23  Recreational Use Immunity Law in Virginia Outline & Case Notes



BEACH FATALITY TESTS PUBLIC RECREATION IMMUNITY STATUTE, NRPA Law Review, January 1997, Parks & Recreation, NRPA *Case Report & Review Questions

Virginia Liability of localities in the operation of parks, recreational facilities and playgrounds § 15.2-1809


VIRGINIA RECREATIONAL USE IMMUNITY FOR CITY CONVENTION CENTER: FRAZIER v. CITY OF NORFOLK, Va. Sup.Ct. 1987*Case Report & Review Questions

VIRGINIA PUBLIC RECREATION IMMUNITY INAPPLICABLE TO TRANSPORTATION, DePRIEST v. PEARSON, Va. Sup.Ct. 1990

Decker v. Harlan Va. Sup. Ct. 2000)

Town of Big Stone Gap v. Johnson, Va. Sup. Ct. 1945


Virginia Immunity for Park and Rec Facility Maintenance
 City of Lynchburg v. Brown (Va. 6/9/2005)



CITY OF VIRGINIA BEACH v. FLIPPEN, VIRGINIA RECREATIONAL USE IMMUNITY FOR CITY BEACH ACCESS *Case Report & Review Questions

Virginia Recreational Use Statute § 29.1-509 Duty of care and liability for damages of landowners to hunters, fishermen, sightseers, etc.


  Virginia Tort Claims Act § 8.01-195.3 Commonwealth Limited Liability

<>Virginia Charitable Immunity for Fall on Ropes Course <>Kuykendall  v. Young Life (E.D. Va. 11/7/2006)


<>September 25 Exam One (Control Test Aug 28 through Landowner Liability Sept 18): on Blackboard CE6 GMU Computer Lab Room  
Bull Run Hall Room 250

<>.

September 30 & October 2: Lifeguard & Aquatics Liability Outline & Case Notes

Lifeguard Liability Objectives & Review Questions

Fairfax County Code CHAPTER 69.1 WATER RECREATION FACILITIES ORDINANCE: Lifeguards & Rescue Equipment


LIFEGUARDS HAD NO TRAINING OR POLICY FOR DIALING "911" , December 1998, NRPA Law Review, Parks & Recreation

INTOXICATED TRESPASSER DROWNS IN CLOSED CITY POOL , March 1995, NRPA Law Review, Parks & Recreation

WU v. TOWN OF FAIRFIELD, DROWNING IN GUARDED CITY LAKE

Shallow Water Diving Liability Objectives & Review Questions

Limted Liability for Drowning in Non-Swimming Area of Park, Objectives & Review Questions


Unguarded Beach Appeared to be Designated Swimming Area
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Aug 2005. Vol. 40, Iss. 8.


RETENTION POND DROWNING CASE STUDIES , March 1985, NRPA Law Review, Parks & Recreation

SAGA BAY PROPERTY OWNERS ASSOCIATION v. ASKEW , YOUTH DROWNS IN UNDEVELOPED SECTION OF RESIDENTIAL LAKE

NAVARRO v. COUNTRY VILLAGE HOMEOWNERS' ASSOCIATION , DROWNING IN LAKE WITH SHARP CHANGE IN DEPTH


October 7 & 9: Sports Coach Liability Outline & Case Notes

Sports Coach Liability Objectives & Review Questions

COACH BREAKS PLAYER'S ARM DEMONSTRATING TECHNIQUE: Koffman v. Garnett, Record No. 020439, SUPREME COURT OF VIRGINIA, 574 S.E.2d 258, January 10, 2003

DUTY TO INSTRUCT, WARN, & DEMONSTRATE UNFAMILIAR JUMPING EXERCISE, NRPA Law Review, April 1998, Parks & Recreation

LACK OF SAFETY INFORMATION & TRAINING FAULTED IN CHEERLEADING INJURY , NRPA Law Review, June 2001, Parks & Recreation

PALMER v. MOUNT VERNON TOWNSHIP HIGH SCHOOL DISTRICT 201 COACH DUTY TO REGARDING SELF-FURNISHED PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

SNYDER v. MORRISTOWN CENTRAL SCHOOL DISTRICT GIRL INJURED IN GYM CLASS CO-EDUCATIONAL TOUCH FOOTBALL GAME

NYDEGGER v. DON BOSCO PREPARATORY HIGH SCHOOL, OPPOSING PLAYER SUES COACH FOR ENCOURAGING AGGRESSIVE PLAY

 HYPOTHETICAL CASE: COACH LIABILITY - PLAINTIFF v. WEST MASON HIGH SCHOOL

 


NO CLASS TUESDAY OCTOBER 14 COLUMBUS DAY HOLIDAY

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October 16: No Class - National Recreation and Park Association Congress, Baltimore, Maryland Oct 14-18


October 21: Post-Injury Procedures Liability, Outline & Case Notes

Post-Injury Procedures Liability Objectives & Review Questions

MOGABGAB v. ORLEANS PARISH SCHOOL BOARD, COACHES DELAY EMERGENCY TREATMENT FOR PLAYER SUFFERING HEAT STRESS, January 1992, NRPA Law Review, Parks & Recreation

TRAINER FAILS TO REPORT HEAD INJURY SYMPTOMS TO PHYSICIAN, February 2004, NRPA Law Review, Parks & Recreation

GEHLING v. ST. GEORGE'S UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, LTD.

APPLEBAUM v. NEMON NO DUTY TO PROVIDE CPR IN PLAYGROUND DEATH

Virginia Code § 8.01-225 Persons rendering emergency care, obstetrical services exempt from liability


AED "Heart Shock Box" Whereabouts Unknown
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Oct. 2007. Vol. 42, Iss.10.

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October 23: Sports Spectator Liability, Outline & Case Notes

Sports Spectator Liability Objectives & Review Questions

Baseball Spectator Assumes Normal Risk Of Foul Ball Injury? Parks & Recreation. Jun 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 6


Spectator Injury Outside the Stands
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Jan. 2006. Vol. 41, Iss. 1. 

 

ADEQUACY OF SPECTATOR PROTECTION IN DANGER ZONE A JURY ISSUE, MAY 1993, NRPA LAW REVIEW, Parks & Recreation

LOWE v. CALIFORNIA LEAGUE OF PROFESSIONAL BASEBALL, TEAM MASCOT ANTICS NOT ASSUMED SPECTATOR RISK

HOCKEY PUCK "FACIAL" A FORESEEABLE RISK FOR SPECTATORS , NRPA Law Review, August 1998, Parks & Recreation

CORTWRIGHT v. BREWERTON INTERNATIONAL SPEEDWAY, SPECTATOR INJURED BY FLYING DEBRIS

JUSSILA v. UNITED STATES SNOWMOBILE ASSOCIATION, SNOWMOBILE RACE SPECTATOR ASSUMES RISK
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October 28: Exam Two
on CE6 GMU Computer Lab Room  
Bull Run Hall Room 250
  <> 

November 4 & 6: Assumption of Risk & Sport Participant Liability, Outline & Case Notes

Sport Participant Liability & Assumption of Risk Objectives & Review Questions

Dancing Teen Dies After Being Run Over By Parade Float
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation. May 2005. Vol. 40, Iss. 5


Tough Breaks Are Just Part Of The Game James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Jun 2004. Vol. 39, Iss. 6

 

LITTLE LEAGUER ASSUMES RISK OF ERRANT PITCH INJURY , BALTHAZOR v. LITTLE LEAGUE BASEBALL

AGGRESSIVE PLAY INHERENT RISK IN NON-CONTACT FOOTBALL CLASS, NRPA Law Review, November 1996, Parks & Recreation, NRPA

MARTIAL ARTS PARTICIPANTS DO NOT ASSUME INCREASED RISK OF INJURY, NRPA Law Review, August 1997, Parks & Recreeation

BUSHNELL v. JAPANESE-AMERICAN RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL CENTER, PARTICIPANT ASSUMES RISK OF CHALLENGING INSTRUCTION

RACING DIVE BREAKS NECK OF FEARFUL NOVICE SWIMMER , NRPA Law Review, January 2004, Parks & Recreation

JUNIOR LIFEGUARD COMPETITION PARTICIPANT ASSUMES RISK OF INJURY (Lupash v. City of Seal Beach, Cal.App. Dist.4, 1999)

Nelson v. Great Eastern Resort Management, Inc., No. 020680 (Va. 1/10/2003)


Recreation Safety Act Immunity Limited To Inherent Risks

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Mar 2005. Vol. 40, Iss . 3




November 11 & 13: Liability Releases & Waiver Agreements in Sport and Recreation

Outline & Case Notes

GMU RISK ASSESSMENT AND RELEASE FORM FOR UNIVERSITY SPONSORED ACTIVITIES

Liability Releases & Waiver Agreements in Recreation Objectives & Review Questions

LEON v. FAMILY FITNESS CENTER (Cal.App. 1998), LIABILITY RELEASE AMBIGUOUS, NOT ENFORCEABLE

SEIGNEUR v. NATIONAL FITNESS INSTITUTE, INC., (Md.Sp.App . 2000)

STATE HIGH COURT UPHOLDS WAIVER SIGNED BY PARENT, NRPA Law Review, October 1998 Parks & Recreation

HAWKINS v. PEART No. 01AP ?422 (Utah u2001) UTAH PARENT MAY NOT WAIVE CHILD'S NEGLIGENCE CLAIM

 

Waiver for Disabled Teen Drowning
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Jan. 2007. Vol. 42, Iss.1.


Commercial Waiver Signed by Parent
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Jun.. 2007. Vol. 42, Iss.6.


Hiett v. Lake Barcroft Community Ass'n, Record No. 911395, Supreme Court of Virginia, 244 Va. 191; 418 S.E.2d 894; 1992 Va. LEXIS 69; 8 VLR 3381, June 5, 1992

Elswick v. Lonesome Pine Int'l Raceway, Inc., L99-89, CIRCUIT COURT OF WISE COUNTY, VIRGINIA, 54 Va. Cir. 368; 2001 Va. Cir. LEXIS 42, January 9, 2001, Decided


Whitewater Rafting Waivers Illustrate Expressed Assumption of Risk Objectives & Review Questions


COUGHLIN v. T.M.H. INTERNATIONAL ATTRACTIONS, INC., WAIVER IN CAVE TOUR FATALITY INEFFECTIVE


 

November 18: Agency Liability for Alleged Sexual Misconduct by Employees, Outline and Case Notes


Agency Liability for Alleged Sexual Misconduct Objectives & Review Questions

CASE STUDY, INFANT C. v. BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA

WILLIAMS v. BUTLER. 577 So.2d 1113 ( La.App. 1991), DUTY TO SCREEN RECREATION SUPERVISOR APPLICANT

GOLDEN SPREAD COUNCIL v. AKINS, 926 S.W.2d 287 (Tex. 1996). SCOUT TROOP RECOMMENDS ALLEGED CHILD MOLESTER

HADDOCK v. CITY OF NEW YORK, PLAYGROUND RAPE BY EX-CONVICT EMPLOYEE, 3/89 NRPA Law Review

DUTY TO EDUCATE YOUTH ABOUT RISK OF SEXUAL ABUSE BY VOLUNTEERS? NRPA Law Review, Parks & Recreation, December 2000

SOUTHPORT LITTLE LEAGUE v. VAUGHAN   No. 49A02-9912-CV-882 (Ind.App . 2000) LITTLE LEAGUE LIABLE FOR MOLESTATION BY VOLUNTEER

Little League Child Protection Program

Boy Scouts of America Implements Expanded Volunteer Screening System


YMCA Criminal Background Checks

Tremel v. Reid, Case No. CL97-7172, CIRCUIT COURT OF ALBEMARLE COUNTY, VIRGINIA, 45 Va. Cir. 364; 1998 Va. Cir. LEXIS 87, April 20, 1998, Decided

Southeast Apts. Mgmt., Inc. v. Jackman, Record No. 981000, SUPREME COURT OF VIRGINIA, 257 Va. 256; 513 S.E.2d 395; 1999 Va. LEXIS 39, February 26, 1999, Decided

. Jane Doe a v. Green, CV-S-02-0055-LRH-PAL , UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEVADA , 2004 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 207, January 2, 2004, Decided, January 2, 2004, Filed, Motion granted by, in part, Motion denied by, in part Jane Doe A v. Green, 2004 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 197 (D. Nev., Jan. 2, 2004)


Virginia Code § 19.2-392.02. National criminal background checks by businesses and organizations regarding employees or volunteers providing care to children, the elderly and disabled.

§ 22.1-272.1. Responsibility to contact parent of student at imminent risk of suicide; notice to be given to social services if parental abuse or neglect

20 USC Sec. 1232g Records; Privacy; Limitation on Withholding Federal Funds

LINKS

Virginia Code § 19.2-390.1. Sex Offender and Crimes Against Minors Registry; maintenance; access.
 

Virginia State Police, Sex Offender & Crimes Against Minors Registry

Guidelines for the Screening of Persons Working With Children.. . (April 1998, Office of Juvenile Justice & Delinquency


Prevention, U.S. Justice Dept.)
Adobe Acrobat File


State Sex Offender Registries


November 20: Supervision Liability Outline & Case Notes

Legal Duty to Supervise Children at Play, Objectives and Review Questions

Pine Tree Falls On Camper During Thunderstorm James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Apr 2004. Vol. 39, Iss. 4

IS PLAYGROUND SUPERVISION NEGLIGENT FOR FAILURE TO WITNESS INJURY? NOVEMBER '97, NRPA LAW REVIEW, Parks & Recreation

ROLLINS v. CONCORDIA PARISH SCHOOL BOARD , FAILURE TO SUPERVISE SCHOOL PLAYGROUND MERRY-GO-ROUND

COLLINS v. BOSSIER PARISH SCHOOL BOARD, PLAYGROUND SUPERVISION IN FALL FROM MONKEY BARS

FOSTER v. HOUSTON GENERAL INSURANCE COMPANY HANDICAPPED ATHLETE FATALLY INJURED ENROUTE TO GYM

GLORIOSO v. YOUNG MENS CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION OF JACKSON, CITY PARK FATALITY CAUSED BY LIGHT POLE

BRAHATCEK v. MILLARD SCHOOL DISTRICT , WRITTEN SUPERVISION STANDARD NOT FOLLOWED IN GOLF MISHAP

McGARR v. BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA, FAILURE TO SUPERVISE BOY SCOUT ON WILDERNESS HIKE

Virginia Code § 8.01-220.1:2 Civil immunity for teachers under certain circumstances

SEE: Lentz v. Morris, Record No. 860022, Supreme Court of Virginia, 236 Va. 78; 372 S.E.2d 608; 1988 Va. LEXIS 103; 5 VLR 516, September 23, 1988

November 25: Exam Three on WebCT GMU Computer Lab Room   Bull Run Hall Room 250


NO CLASS THURSDAY NOVEMBER 27 THANKSGIVING RECESS

December 2: Americans With Disabilities Act ( ADA ) Outline & Case Notes

League Policy Banning Coach in Wheelchair from Sidelines Violated ADA Objectives & Review Questions

ADA Summer Camp, Office of Civil Rights, Administrative Decision Objectives & Review Questions

ADA Basketball Recreation League, Office of Civil Rights, Administrative Decision

Americans with Disabilities (ADA) Case Study: SMARTT v. ANDREWS INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICT

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) U.S. Justice Dept. homepage

Final Rule ADA Regulation for Title II

28 CFR PART 35 Nondiscrimination on the basis of disability in state and local government services

28 CFR PART 36 Nondiscrimination on the basis of disability by public accommodations and in commercial facilities

December 4: Title IX Sex Discrimination Gender Equity in School Athletic Programs, * Outline & Notes *****

Objectives and Review Questions

CONSTITUTIONAL TEST FOR GENDER DISCRIMINATION IN PUBLIC FACILITIES

ATHLETIC EQUITY RESOURCES: Office of Civil Rights, U.S. Dept. of Education,

National Women's Law Center: Title IX Athletics

Chronicle of Higher Education, June 21, 2002 "Title IX at 30In the arena of women's college sports, the 1972 law created a legacy of debate"By WELCH SUGGS

Title IX Case Study Final Exam Spring 1998

Title IX, Federal Civil Rights Ban on Sex Discrimination in Athletics

"Clarification of Intercollegiate Athletics Policy Guidance: The Three-Part Test"

Further Clarification of Intercollegiate Athletics Policy Guidance Regarding Title IX Complance (July 11, 2003). letter from Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights Gerald Reynolds

Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 34 PART 106—NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF SEX IN EDUCATION PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES RECEIVING FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE 34 CFR Part 106

Dept of Education Office of Civil Rights Oct 01 Letter to Michigan High School Athletic Association (MHSAA) regarding consideration of competitive cheerleading as a sport.

Cohen v. Brown University (1st Cir. 1996)

Plaintiffs awarded attorneys' fees in the total amount of $ 1,059,473.05 and costs of $ 21,385.20. August 10, 2001

Title IX: Gender Equity Is not a Problem for Mason...Yet (Mason Spirit Spring '98)

Title IX at George Mason. (4/27/97 Washington Post)

December 16: Exam # 4: on CE6 GMU Computer Lab Room  Bull Run Hall Room 250

noon - 1:15 p.m.

Course Evaluations