(click topic)
Lifeguard
and Aquatics Liability
Standard of Care in Determining
Negligence Liability
Assumption of
Risk & Liability for Sport/Recreation Participants
Post
Injury Liability in Sports and Recreation
Agency Liability for Sexual Molestation
Gender
Discrimination in Recreation
Disability
Discrimination (Americans with Disabilities Act)
Constitutional Law: First
Amendment Freedom of Speech
Constitutional
Law: First Amendment Establishment Clause: Separation of Church &
State
Constitutional Law:
Fourth Amendment Drug Testing
Constitutional Law: 5th
Amendment
Private Property Rights
Constitutional Law Fourteenth Amendment Due
Process & Equal Protection
Public Competition
with Private Sector in
Recreation
Environmental
& Natural Resources
Law
Federal
Law and Policy Issues in Recreation
Landowner
Premises Liability in Parks & Recreation
Recreational Use Statute Immunity
Mandatory Dedication for Parks
Land and Water
Conservation Fund
Privacy/Publicity
Rights of the Individual
Trespasser
Liability in Parks & Recreation
As
noted, the monthly articles listed below have appeared in Parks & Recreation magazine
Parks &
Recreation is the official
publication of the National Recreation and Park Association
National Recreation and Park
Association website: http://www.nrpa.org/
************************
Overview Of Negligence Liability Principles In Recreation
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Jun 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 6; P. 24 (4 Pages)
Mere Program Sponsorship Promoting Physical Activity Insufficient Control To Trigger Liability
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Dec 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 12; P. 24
Control Test Defines Independent Contractor or Employee Sports Official
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Apr 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 4; p. 22 (5 pages)
In Search of the Adequate Warning Sign: Communication Is the Key
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Oct 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 10; p. 20
Travel & Tourism Publication Fails To Investigate Accuracy Of Information
A Common
Sense View of Liability
A Reasonable Perspective On Recreational Injury Liability
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Sep 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 9; p. 56
"Life Of The Community" Determines Legal Standard For Negligence Liability
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Jul 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 7; P. 30 (5 Pages)
Chosen Lightning Protection On Golf Course Must Be Properly Utilized
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .
Jul 1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 7; P. 46
(6 Pages)
Do Association Standards Impose Legal Duty on NRPA ?
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Feb 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 2; p. 16
Sports Coach & Physical Activity Instructors Legal Duties Of Care In Review
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Jan 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 1; P. 26
Wrestling Class Sparks Battle of the Expert Witnesses
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Apr 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 4; p. 16
Is Playground Supervision Negligent For Failure To Witness Injury?
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .
Nov 1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 11; P. 36
(7 Pages)
Day Camp Supervisor Liable for Log Rolling Fatality in City Park
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Oct 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 10; p. 16
Playground Supervision Questioned in Eye Injury Cases
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Jun 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 6; p. 16
Handicapped Athlete Fatally Injured Enroute to Gym
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Dec 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 12; p. 14
Playground Supervision Questioned in Restaurant Injury
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Mar 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 3; p. 20
Entrapment
Danger In Playground Reported
But Not Corrected
Playground Safety, The Next Generation, Hazard Patterns
Playground Safety Maintenance Guidelines, The Next Generation
Playground Liability For Exposed Concrete Footing Under
Monkey Bars In State Park
Community
Center "Dirty Dancing"
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Nov. 2006. Vol. 41,
Iss.11.
Preacher
Too Loud for Commons
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Jul 2006. Vol. 41,
Iss.7.
Central
Park Demonstration Might Destroy Great Lawn
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. NOV 2004. Vol. 39, Iss . 11
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .
Aug 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 8
Is A
Politically Correct Code Of Conduct Too Idealistic For The First
Amendment?
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . May 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 5
No Threat
Of Unconstitutional Censorship In Park
Permit Ordinance
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Apr 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 4
"Pot
Festival" Organizers Challenge City's Park Permit Ordinance
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Dec 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 12
Can Towns
Restrict Public Park Access To Residents And Their Guests?
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Oct 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 10
Court
Upholds Juvenile Curfew Law
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Jan 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 1
Brother,
Can You Spare A Dime? Panhandling In Public Parks
And Places
County
Designated Center Island For Residents Only
(Warren v. Fairfax County "VACATED BY THE COURT")
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .
Jun 1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 6; P. 46
(4 Pages)
Click to See "COREECTED OPINION" in: Warren v. Fairfax County,
<>
Gay Pride Message Not Accommodated In City Parade Organized By Private Association
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Sep 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 9; P. 28
Motorcyclist Claims First Amendment Right To Ride Through County Park
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Aug 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 8; P. 25 (4 Pages)
Ethnic Group Denied Permit To Erect Statue Of Political Figure In Park
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jul 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 7; P. 20 (6 Pages)
State
Rejects KKK Application For Adopt-A-Highway Program
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .
Jan 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 1
Equestrians Allege Park Horseback Riding Regulation
Unconstitutional
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Mar 1993. Vol. 28,
Iss . 3
Constitution Requires Prompt Judicial Review of Park Permit Denial
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jun 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 6; p. 20
Does the Constitution Protect Nude
Bathing at a Public Beach ?
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. May 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 5; p. 16
Park Regulations Unconstitutional As Applied To Political Protestor
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jul 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 7Regulating Constitutionally Protected Symbolic Speech in Parks
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Sep 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 9; p. 22
Burning the American Flag: Political Protest with Constitutional Protection
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Dec 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 12; p. 17
Park Service Noise Regulation Unconstitutionally Applied To War Protest
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Dec 1993. Vol. 28, Iss . 12
Constitutional
Fence for a Monumental Controversy?
Park
Buy-A-Brick Fundraiser Hits A
Constitutional Wall
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .
Aug 2004. Vol. 39, Iss. 8
Religious
Message Excluded From Christmas Displays In
Park
James C. Kozlowski. Parks &
Recreation . Jul 2004. Vol. 39, Iss. 7
Eagles
Ten Commandments Park Monument Fails “Lemon” Test
James C. Kozlowski. Parks &
Recreation . May 2004. Vol. 39, Iss. 5
No Home For Homeschooling At
The Rec Center
Bible
Youth Group Excluded From School Open For
Community Use
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Aug 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 8
"Unattended
Structures" Ban Includes Nativity Scene
On Town Green
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .
Feb 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 2
First
Amendment Dilemma: Civic Event Fund Discriminated Against Prayer Day
Establishment
Clause Violation Persists Despite Sale of Park Statue
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Jun 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 6
The
Writing On The Wall Is Going, Going, Gone
School
Refuses To Post Ten Commandments
Advertisement On Ballfield Fence
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Feb 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 2
Religious
Symbol A Snake In The Grass?
Serpent
Statue In City Park: Unconstitutional
Religious Symbol?
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Sep 1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 9; P. 50 (7 Pages)
Latin Cross In Public Park Violates Federal And State
Constitutions
Menorah
In City Park : Unconstitutional Exception
To Ban On Private Park Displays
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Mar 1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 3; P. 40 (7 Pages)
City
Policy Ban On Religious Film In Senior
Center Unconstitutional
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Dec 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 12; P. 33 (4 Pages)
Basketball
Prayer Tradition Unconstitutional
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Sep 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 9; P. 41 (6 Pages)
KKK Cross On
Capitol Square Not State Endorsement Of Religion
Krishnas Challenge Park Service Regs Banning Solicitation & Sales On Mall
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Mar 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 3Religious Freedom Constitutional Challenge to Sports Program Rule
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jul 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 7; p. 23
Constitution
Bans Religious Effect in Public Holiday Displays
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Oct 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 10; p. 20
Constitutional Law: Fourth Amendment Drug
Testing
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .
Oct 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 10
Random
Drug Testing Requires Identifiable Drug Abuse Problem
Questioning
The Constitutionality Of Drug
Tests
Constitutionality Of Drug Test Requirement
For Athletes?
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Feb 1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 2; P. 32 (8 Pages)
Lake
Tahoe Development Moratorium Passes Constitutional Test
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .
Feb 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 2
Endangered Species Act Regulates Critical Habitat Modification On Private Land
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Oct 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 10; P. 26
Denial Of Permit To Develop Coastal Wetland, An Unconstitutional Taking?
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Jun 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 6; P. 20 (5 Pages)
Constitutional Greenway Dedication Requires "Rough Proportionality" to Development's Impact
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Sep 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 9
Constitutional Dire Straits For Public Ban On Private Beach Building
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Oct 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 10
Police
Claim Authority to Ban Gambler from Park Indefinitely
“Sexual
Addict” Banned From Parks After “Cruising”
For Kids
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Oct 2004. Vol. 39, Iss . 10
Pedophile
Clown Brings His Act To Playland
Angry
Hockey Dad Fights Five Year Ban From City
Arena
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .
Mar 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 3
Chicago
Won't Stand For Loitering
Criminal
Street Gang “Loitering” Statute Unconstitutionally Vague
School's
Alcohol-Abuse Policy Withstands Constitutional Challenge
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. May 1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 5; P. 48 (6 Pages)
Ordinance Prohibiting Nighttime
Loitering in City Park Constitutional
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Jan 1993. Vol. 28, Iss . 1
Validity
of nonresident and other discriminatory regulations in municipal
recreation.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation March 1982 v17 p28(4)
“Invasion
Of Privacy” For Unauthorized Use Of Team
Photo?
Challenged
Dress Code Prohibited Clothing With
Offensive Illustrations
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .
May 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 5
Sunbather Gives City the Shirt off Her Back to Test Nudity Ban in Parks
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jul 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 7; p. 24
Waiver for
Disabled Teen Drowning
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Jan. 2007. Vol. 42,
Iss.1.
State
High Court Upholds Waiver Signed By Parent
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Oct 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 10; P. 40 (6 Pages)
White-Water
Rafting Waivers Illustrate Expressed Assumption Of
Risk
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Mar 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 3; P. 48 (6 Pages)
Liability Waivers And Releases Overview: Can You Say "Exculpatory Agreement"?
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Mar 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 3; P. 30 (5 Pages)
Waiver in City-Sponsored Triathlon Bike Race not Against Public Policy
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. May 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 5; p. 14 (6 pages)
Validity of Liability Release Signed by Parent and Minor Gymnast
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . May 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 5; p. 18
Softball Player Signed Official Team Roster Containing Liability Release
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Aug 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 8; p. 20
PTA Magic Show Waiver Signed Minor and Parent Enforceable, if Clear
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Apr 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 4; p. 14
<>Gift of
Park Land in Perpetuity
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Dec. 2006. Vol. 41,
Iss.12.
"Pine
Tree" Cell Tower in Park
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Jun 2006. Vol. 41,
Iss.6.
Heirs
Claim Undeveloped Park Parcel Under “Use It
Or Lose It” Clause
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .
Nov 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 11
Federal
Law and Policy Issues in Recreation
Expressway
Project Drives Bikeway Funding Off The
Roads Bill
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .
Oct 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 10
Recreation Agencies Concerned About Child Labor Laws
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Aug 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 8; P. 36 (7 Pages)
Private Property Bill More Demanding Than Constitution
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . May 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 5; P. 16 (5 Pages)
Outdoor Recreation Planning & Coordination
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Apr 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 4; P. 28 (4 Pages)
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Jun 1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 6; P. 34 (7 Pages)
Proposed Federal Volunteer Protection Act: Form or Substance?
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Nov 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 11; p. 12
President's commission examines public recreation on private lands.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks
& Recreation June 1986 v21 p16(4)
Senate bills would limit liability under civil rights statute.
Jim Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Nov 1982 v17 p16(4)
GAO recommends national park entrance fee increase.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks
& Recreation Oct 1982 v17 p12(3)
Land and Water
Conservation Fund
Land & Water Conservation Fund Act Blocks Conversion of Scenic Easement to Golf Course
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Aug 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 8
Gun Club Lead Shot "Hazardous Waste" For Environmental Cleanup Law
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Aug 1993. Vol. 28,
Iss . 8
Endangered Sea Turtles Protected During City Beach
Restoration
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Jun 1993. Vol. 28,
Iss . 6
Environmental Challenge To Federal Highway Project Through Park
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Feb 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 2
Clean Water Act Permit Ignored Adverse Impacts On Park Environment
Trespasser Liability in Parks &
Recreation
No Duty
To Keep Premises Reasonably Safe For Adult Trespassers
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . May 1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 5; P. 52 (6 Pages)
Intoxicated Trespasser Drowns In Closed City Pool
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Mar 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 3; P. 36 (4 Pages)
City Park Tower Of
Power Rocks Trespassing Teen's Top Forty Climb
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Aug 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 8
Rainwater Accumulated In Closed City
Pool Raises Attractive Nuisance Risk
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jun 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 6
Swimming Pool not "Attractive Nuisance" in Teen Trespasser Diving Injury
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Mar 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 3; p. 26 (5 pages)
Landowner Premises
Liability in Parks & Recreation
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Dec. 2007. Vol. 42,
Iss.12.
Park Pot
Hole Bike Fatality
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Sep 2006. Vol. 41,
Iss.9.
Pine Tree
Falls On Camper During Thunderstorm
James C. Kozlowski. Parks &
Recreation . Apr 2004. Vol. 39, Iss. 4
Jogger
Injured By Errant Shot From Park Golf Course
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . May 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 5
Sweet 16
Party At Rec. Center Ends In Fatal Parking
Lot Shoot Out
Duty To Follow Established Procedures To Warn
Beachgoers Of Lightning Storms
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Sep 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 9
Parking
Lot Security Questioned In Rock Festival Mishap
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Jul
2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 7
Highway
Victim Blames Facility For Allowing "Safe
Haven" For Alcohol Consumption
Toy Beach
Buckets Entice Children To Play In
Hazardous Surf
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .
Feb 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 2
Protruding
Floor Mat Tests "Open And
Obvious Condition" Doctrine
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Aug 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 8
Enjoy The Lovely View; Beware The Bugs
Enjoying
Natural Environment Includes Risk Of
Dangerous Insects
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Apr 1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 4; P. 48 (4 Pages)
Governmental Immunity & Liability For
Wild Animal Attacks
No Ifs,
Ands Or Butts About It...
Nude
Recreation In Wildlife Area Neighborhood
Nuisance?
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Jul 1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 7; P. 40 (5 Pages)
Dangerous
Trees Pose A Foreseeable Risk Of Injury
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Jan 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 1; P. 28 (5 Pages)
Risk Of Injury In The Gymnasium
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .
Dec 1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 12; P. 24
(6 Pages)
Limited Liability For Criminal Assaults In Park Facilities
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . May 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 5; P. 28 (4 Pages)
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Feb 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 2; P. 34 (6 Pages)
Rope Swing in Park Presents Obvious Risk of Fall
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Nov 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 11
No Duty To Warn Of Obvious
Risk of Golfing in
Lightning Storm
Misleading Signage and Dense Foliage Mask Sixty Foot Cliff Near Picnic Area
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Sep 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 9; p. 42
Golfer's Bad Shots Shatter Windshield of Passing Motorist
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. May 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 5; p. 24
Insect Sting & Bite Liability: A Limited Duty for Landowners
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Oct 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 10; p. 24
Injured Softball Player Alleges Anchored Base Is Unreasonably Dangerous
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Sep 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 9; p. 24
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Mar 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 3; p. 24
Do Park Rangers Have Duty to Take Intoxicated Driver into Custody?
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Feb 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 2; p. 20
Hole in Park District Fence Prompts $5 Million Judgement
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jan 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 1; p. 17
Youth Suffocates After Inhaling Balloon Helium from Unattended Tanks
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Nov 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 11; p. 19
Marina Drowning on Leased Premises in Hydro Project
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jul 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 7; p. 18
City Park Security Questioned in Restroom Shooting
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. May 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 5; p. 22
Illinois
decision holds asphalt under slide obvious danger. (Alop
decision)
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Dec 1987 v22 n12
p14(6)
Unimproved land immunity in cliff fall. ( McCauley v. City of San
Diego)
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation August 1987 v22
p13(6)
Park
service defends rope swing injury case.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation July 1987 v22 p18(5)
Rough
sledding on Park District hill.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation June 8, 1987 v22
p12(6)
NPS
fails to warn diver of submerged rock.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation May 1987 v22 p15(4)
Assumption
of Risk & Liability for Sport/Recreation Participants
Tough
Breaks Are Just Part Of The Game
James C. Kozlowski. Parks &
Recreation . Jun 2004. Vol. 39, Iss. 6
Racing
Dive Breaks Neck Of Fearful Novice Swimmer
James C. Kozlowski. Parks &
Recreation . Jan 2004. Vol. 39, Iss. 1
Recreation
Safety Act Immunity Limited To
Inherent Risks
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Mar 2005. Vol. 40, Iss . 3
Coach
Breaks Player’s Arm Demonstrating Technique
Injured
Little Leaguer Lost Fly Ball In The Setting
Sun
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .
Jun 2002. Vol. 37, Iss.
Highway
Victim Blames Facility For Allowing "Safe
Haven" For Alcohol Consumption
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Nov 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 11
Lack Of Safety Information And Training Faulted In
Cheerleading Injury
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .
Jun 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 6
Junior
Lifeguard Competition Participant Assumes Risk Of
Injury
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Jul 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 7
Sports
League Held Liable For Brutal Attack On
Coach
Sports
Leagues Held Liable For Volunteer’s Attack On Coach
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Nov 1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 11; P. 45 (5 Pages)
Recklessness Standard For Recreation
Participants Reaffirmed
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Oct 1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 10; P. 42 (5 Pages)
Playground
Supervision Liability: Opportunity To
Prevent Injury?
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Jun 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 6; P. 44 (4 Pages)
Contact-Sport Exception Allows For Participant Negligence
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. May 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 5; P. 48 (5 Pages)
Exercising Care For The Safety Of Another
Duty To Instruct, Warn, & Demonstrate Unfamiliar
Jumping Exercise
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Apr 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 4; P. 54 (5 Pages)
Swimmer Breaks Neck Practicing Shallow Water Racing Dive
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jul 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 7; p. 18
Aggressive Play Inherent Risk In Non-Contact Football Class
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Nov 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 11; P. 30 (4 Pages)
First Female in Football Program Claims Negligent Failure to Warn Of Risks
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Dec 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 12; p. 20 (4 pages)
Standard For Sports Participants Debated: Recklessness Or Negligence?
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Oct 1993. Vol. 28, Iss . 10
Organized Sports Participant Standard Applied to Informal Game
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Jan 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 1; p. 22
Causation, Assumed Risk, and a Failure to Warn in Sports Suits
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Sep 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 9; p. 18
Child's Eye Injury an Assumed Risk in Paper Clip Fight?
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Aug 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 8; p. 18
Post
Injury Liability in Sports and Recreation
Trainer
Fails To Report Head Injury Symptoms To
Physician
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Feb 2004. Vol. 39, Iss. 2
Post-Injury Procedure: Medical Assistance And Liability
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .
Oct 1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 10; P. 40
(8 Pages)
Coaches Delay Emergency Treatment for Player Suffering Heat Stress
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Jan 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 1; p. 26 (5 pages)
Fitness Factor in Fun Run Fatality
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Aug 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 8; p. 14
Reasonable emergency procedures for those in distress.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks
& Recreation August 1984 v19 p28(4)
Gender Discrimination in Recreation
Recreation
Supervisor Gender Discrimination
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Aug 2006. Vol. 41,
Iss.8.
Constitutional
Test For Gender
Discrimination In Public Facilities
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .
Mar 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 3
Girl
Banned From Privately Sponsored Boys Basketball Tournament
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Mar 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 3
City
Failed To Prevent Sexual Harassment By
Lifeguard Supervisors
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Sep 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 9; P. 63 (6 Pages)
Former Lifeguards Claim City 's Workplace Abusive To Females
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Oct 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 10; P. 44 (5 Pages)
Psychological Injury Not Required For Sexual Harassment In "Abusive Work Environment"
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Jan 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 1; p. 22
Employer liability for sexual harassment in the workplace.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation April 1983 v18 p24(6)
Disability
Discrimination (Americans with Disabilities Act)
ADA
Obesity Impairment Must Be Physiological
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Oct. 2008. Vol.
43, Iss.10.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Sep.. 2007. Vol.
42, Iss.9.
ADA Requires Wheelchair Areas to Be Integrated Into General Seating
State
Fair Fails ADA Accessibility Test For
Existing Facilities
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Sep 2004. Vol. 39, Iss . 9
ADA
Requires Daycare Program To Accommodate
Autistic Child
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .
Dec 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 12
Prescription
Medication Policies Prompt ADA Claims
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .
Jan 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 1
Peripheral
Rule Waiver Is Not "Fundamental Alteration" Under ADA
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .
Sep 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 9
Combat
Karate Class Illustrates ADA "Direct Threat" Exception
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Nov 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 11
Strict
Attendance Policy For School Choir Prompts
ADA Claim
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation.
Oct 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 10
Pro
Golfer’s Cart “Reasonable Accommodation” under ADA
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. May 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 5
Corrective Measures Relevant In Determining "Disability" Under ADA
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Apr 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 4
ADA Regulations Require Detailed Self-Evaluation Of Accessibility
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Feb 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 2; P. 14 (5 Pages)
ADA Requires Integration, Prohibits
Stereotyped Segregation of Disabled
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Oct 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 10
League Policy Banning Coach In Wheelchair From Sidelines Violated ADA
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Jun 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 6
Who Are Americans With Disabilities Under Federal Civil Rights Law?
Handicapped Athletes’ ‘Qualified’ Right to Participate
Federal
Law Prohibits Discrimination Against
Citizen-Soldiers
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Dec 2004. Vol. 39, Iss . 12
Unconstitutional
Retaliation Against
Employee's Free Speech?
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Mar 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 3
Recreation Agencies Concerned About Child Labor Laws
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Aug 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 8; P. 36 (7 Pages)
OSHA Rule Applies To Ocean Lifeguard Position & Mouth-To-Mouth Resuscitation Task
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Jul 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 7
James C. Kozlowski. Parks
& Recreation Feb 1982 v17 p18(4)
Developers Challenge Fee For Parks &
Recreation
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Sep
2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 9
Subdivision Approval Required Land Or
Fee For Parks & Recreation
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Nov 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 11
Compensation For Condemned Land Not Devalued By Park Dedication
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. May 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 5
NRPA Brief Urges "Market" Value Inappropriate For Dedicated Parkland
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jan 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 1
Mandatory
dedication for public parks: some critical factors.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks
& Recreation Sept 1982 v17 p29(6)
Public Competition
with Private Sector in
Recreation
State
Bills Would Ban Public Competition With
Private Business
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .
Aug 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 8
Authorized Public Recreation May Legally Compete With Private Facilities
Copyright
& Trademark Law
Copyright
Claim for Park Wildflower Display
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Mar. 2009 Vol. 44,
Iss.3.
Author
Generally Owns Copyright Unless Employee Or
"Work For Hire"
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .
Apr 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 4
Federal Counsel Responds to NRPA , Clarifies Copyright Music Public Park Exemption
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Feb 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 2; p. 14 (7 pages)
Radio Music Copyright Liability--Private Home or Commercial Sound System?
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Dec 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 12; p. 14
Music Theater Denied Not-For-Profit, Fair Use Copyright Exemptions
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Nov 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 11; p. 24
New
federal law enlivens copyright controversy.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation March 1983 v17 p20(3)
Public
recreation liability under 1976 copyright law uncertain.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation March 1983 v17 p30(3)
Agency Liability
for Sexual Molestation
Duty To Educate Youth About Risk Of Sexual Abuse By Voluteers
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Dec 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 12
Molestation Liability Examines Scope Of Employment & Foreseeability
Playground Rape by Ex-Convict Employee
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Mar 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 3; p. 18
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Dec 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 12; P. 32 (5 Pages)
Limited
Liability For Drowning In Non‑Swimming Area
Of Park
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Nov 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 11; P. 40 (6 Pages)
Diver Down: Looking Before You Leap
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Sep 1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 9; P. 48 (8 Pages)
Lifeguard Supervision Liability In Review
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Apr 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 4; P. 36 (6 Pages)
Intoxicated Trespasser Drowns In Closed City Pool
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Mar 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 3; P. 36 (4 Pages)
OSHA Rule Applies To Ocean Lifeguard Position & Mouth-To-Mouth Resuscitation Task
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Jul 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 7
Risk Obvious In Prohibited Jetty Dive Despite Lifeguard's Acquiescence
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Apr 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 4
Unsigned Bulkhead Creates "Illusion of Safety" for Diving
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Feb 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 2; p. 22
Roughhousing Causes Injury in Guarded Lake
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Feb 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 2; p. 12
Retention
pond drowning case studies.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation March 1985 v20 p38(6)
A case
of lifeguard law from the Old Dominion.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks &
Recreation Nov 1985 v20 p20(3)
Hockey
Puck “Facial” A Foreseeable Risk For
Spectators?
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Aug 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 8; P. 40 (5 Pages)
Spectators Assume Obvious Risks In Unprotected Areas Of Ballfield
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .
Apr 1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 4; P. 46
(6 Pages)
Baseball
Spectator Assumes Normal Risk Of Foul Ball Injury?
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .
Jun 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 6
Adequacy Of Spectator Protection In Danger Zone A Jury Issue
Softball Spectator Struck by Errant Warmup Ball
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Apr 1988. Vol. 23,
Iss . 4; p. 25
Sport
League Fees: Exception To Recreational Use
Statute Immunity?
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Jul 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 7; P. 46 (5 Pages)
Fee
Exception To State
Recreational Use Laws On Federal Sites
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Feb 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 2; P. 46 (5 Pages)
Beach Fatality Tests Public Recreation Immunity Statute
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Jan 1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 1; P. 34 (5 Pages)
Can Rec Use Defense Cover Volunteers Maintaining Trails?
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jan 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 1; p. 26
Failure to Warn of Temperature in Hot Springs Negates Recreational Use Immunity
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation
. Jun 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 6; p. 20
Swimming Area Management Questioned Following Alligator Attack
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Dec 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 12; p. 12
WI, NJ,
& LA, limit public rec use immunity to "true outdoors."
James C. Kozlowski. Parks
& Recreation Nov 1986 v21 p18(4)
Rec use
law applies to public land in NY, NE, ID, OH, & WA.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks
& Recreation Oct 1986 v21
p22(4)
Massachusetts and Arizona Test Scope of Recreational Use Statute
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Aug 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 8; p. 18
Public Playground Injuries Test Recreational Use Statute
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Apr 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 4; p. 18
A "cut
and paste" of model rec use law to include public.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation March 1987 v22 p22(6)
California and Florida recreational use statutes don't apply to public
entities.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Feb 1987 v22 p16(6)
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Oct 1987 v22 p18(6)